United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the
United Kingdom or the UK) [1] is a constitutional monarchy in
northern Europe.
The Union comprises four constituent nations: England, Scotland,
Wales, and Northern Ireland. It occupies all of the island of
Great Britain, the north-eastern portion of the island of Ireland
and most of the remaining British Isles. It counts Ireland,
France, Belgium and Netherlands as its nearest neighbours. The
Isle of Man and the various Channel Islands are "crown
dependencies", linked to the UK by various ties and mutual
obligations but not part of it (or of the EU). Gibraltar is
a British territory within the EU with its own autonomous government.
The UK today is a diverse patchwork of native and immigrant
cultures, possessing a fascinating history and dynamic modern
culture, both of which remain hugely influential in the wider
world. Although Britannia no longer rules the waves, the UK
is still a popular destination for many travellers. The capital
city of the United Kingdom (and the largest city) is London.
Understand
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, with a queen
(or king) as the head of state, and a prime minister as the
democratically elected head of government. The prime minister
("PM") is not elected as an individual, but is the
leader of the largest party in Parliament (or a coalition),
which is invited to form a government. Members of Parliament
("MPs") are elected by district from throughout the
UK, with the Lords of Parliament (the "upper" house
of the UK legislature) either inheriting or appointed to these
seats. In response to movements in Scotland and Wales for national
autonomy/home rule, these have recently formed parliaments with
some internal law-making and tax-setting powers, while still
sending MPs to the UK parliament in Westminster, London, which
remains responsible for all other matters, including international
ones. England has no national government of its own, and is
directly governed by Westminster (although recent years have
seen growing concern in this factor). Northern Ireland was always
self governed in the same manner that Scotland and Wales are
today but rising political tensions led to this being dissolved
in 1973. Self government was returned to the province in 2007.
